1953: The USAF decided to adopt SAGE (MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory electronic defense system) instead of the Air Defense Integrated System (ADIS) development. The basic SAGE architecture was cleanly summarized in the preface to a seminal 1953 technical memo written by George Valley and Jay Forrester: Lincoln Laboratory Technical Memorandum No. 20, A Proposal for Air Defense System Evolution: The Transition Phase. (Seen here: The AN/FSQ-7 computer built by IBM was the heart of the SAGE system, USAF Image)
